A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Terminalia chebula and Their Applications in Cosmetic Formulations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/ejac.v19i1.1106Keywords:
Terminalia chebula, Pharmacological activity, cosmetic formulation.Abstract
Terminalia chebula, a cornerstone of traditional Ayurvedic medicine from ancient India, has been used for centuries to address a variety of health issues, including burns, digestive disorders, diabetes, eye problems, poor eyesight, fever, and kidney ailments. Often used alone or in combination with other herbs, this potent remedy contains hydrolysable tannins, which constitute 20-50% of its composition. These tannins are believed to be responsible for many of Terminalia chebula’s medicinal effects, although their concentration can vary depending on the geographic location where the plant is grown. The continued use of Terminalia chebula throughout history underscores its enduring significance in both historical and modern healing practices. Traditional remedies like this have not only survived the test of time but also gained attention in contemporary medicine, where recent advances have begun to explore and validate their therapeutic potential. As research progresses, the integration of traditional wisdom with modern scientific methods may pave the way for new insights and applications, further enhancing our understanding of this ancient remedy's benefits. This review highlights both the historical importance of Terminalia chebula in traditional medicine and its evolving role in modern healthcare, reflecting a growing appreciation for the depth and efficacy of ancient healing practices.
References
Boadu AA, Asase A. Documentation of herbal medicines used for the treatment and management of human diseases by some communities in southern Ghana. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;2017(1):3043061.
Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR. The development of Terminalia chebula Retz.(Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine. 2013 1;3(3):244-52.
Chattopadhyay RR, Bhattacharyya SK. PHCOG REV: plant review. Terminalia chebula: An update. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2007;1(1):151-6.
Gupta PC. Biological and pharmacological properties of Terminalia chebula Retz.(Haritaki)-An overview. Int J pharm Sci. 2012;4(3):62-8.
Srikanthmurthy KR. Bhavaprakasha of bhavamishr. Krishnanda Academy, Varanasi. 2000;160.
Cao S, Brodie PJ, Callmander M, Randrianaivo R, Rakotobe E, Rasamison VE, Kingston DG. Saponins and a lignan derivative of Terminalia tropophylla from the Madagascar Dry Forest. Phytochemistry. 2010 1;71(1):95-9.
Saleem A, Husheem M, Härkönen P, Pihlaja K. Inhibition of cancer cell growth by crude extract and the phenolics of Terminalia chebula retz. fruit. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2002 1;81(3):327-36.
Lee HS, Koo YC, Suh HJ, Kim KY, Lee KW. Preventive effects of chebulic acid isolated from Terminalia chebula on advanced glycation endproduct-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2010 5;131(3):567-74
Raju D, Ilango K, Chitra V, Ashish K. Evaluation of Anti-ulcer activity of methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits in experimental rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and research. 2009 1;1(3):101
Aruna DS, Nandakishore DL. Haritaki a boon to herbalism-a review. Scholars Acad. J. Biosci. 2014;2:132-.
Rathinamoorthy R, Thilagavathi G. Terminalia chebula-review on pharmacological and biochemical studies. International Journal of PharmTech Research. 2014;6(1):97-116.
Srivastava RK. Approach grafting-a new approach for the formation of clonal bank of Terminalia chebula.2000
Asif M, Ahmed MW, Khair S, Murugeswaran R, Meena R, Alam M, Ansari SA, Tariq M, Negi RK. Pharmacognostical studies of Halela Siyah (Terminalia chebula Retz.): An important Unani medicinal plant. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019;11(4):205-11.
Ashwini R, Gajalakshmi S, Mythili S, Sathiavelu A. Terminalia chebula-a pharmacological review. J Pharm Res. 2011;4(9):2884-7.
Basha SJ, Code QR. A review on Terminalia chebula. IJPR. 2017;7(10).
Anu V, Akhila S, Kumar IA, Antony S. In-vitro antiurolithiatic activity of macerated aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula by using titrimetry method. Int J Pharmacogn. 2020;7(6):144e7.
Parekh J, Chanda S. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit in different solvents. Journal of herbs, spices & medicinal plants. 2008 14;13(2):107-16.
Pellati F, Bruni R, Righi D, Grandini A, Tognolini M, Prencipe FP, Poli F, Benvenuti S, Del Rio D, Rossi D. Metabolite profiling of polyphenols in a Terminalia chebula Retzius ayurvedic decoction and evaluation of its chemopreventive activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2013 20;147(2):277-85.
Amudan R, Kamat DV, Kamat SD. Amylase: Its application in the extraction of phytochemicals. International Journal of Research in Biosciences (2016): 44-51.
Rathinamoorthy R, Thilagavathi G. Terminalia chebula-review on pharmacological and biochemical studies. International Journal of PharmTech Research. 2014;6(1):97-116.
] Reddy DB, Reddy TC, Jyotsna G, Sharan S, Priya N, Lakshmipathi V, Reddanna P. Chebulagic acid, a COX–LOX dual inhibitor isolated from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz., induces apoptosis in COLO-205 cell line. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2009 30;124(3):506-12.
Akhtar H, Husain SZ. A descriptive review on traditional herbal drug-terminalia chebula. Journal of Advanced Research in Biochemistry and Pharmacology. 2019 1;2(1):21-8.
Nadkarni K, Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica, Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Bombay. 1976; 1:799
Kumar JK, Sinha AK. Resurgence of natural colourants: a holistic view. Natural product research. 2004 1;18(1):59-84.
Sharma P, Prakash T, Kotresha D, Ansari MA, Sahrm UR, Kumar B, Debnath J, Goli D. Antiulcerogenic activity of Terminalia chebula fruit in experimentally induced ulcer in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2011 1;49(3):262-8.
RAI AK, Joshi R. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against dental caries pathogens .(2009): 105-111.
] Chemat F, Abert Vian M, Ravi HK, Khadhraoui B, Hilali S, Perino S, Fabiano Tixier AS. Review of alternative solvents for green extraction of food and natural products: Panorama, principles, applications and prospects. Molecules. 2019 19;24(16):3007.
Yang MH, Ali Z, Khan IA, Khan SI. Anti-inflammatory activity of constituents isolated from Terminalia chebula. Natural product communications. 2014;9(7):1934578X1400900721.
Malekzadeh F, Ehsanifar H, Shahamat M, Levin M, Colwell RR, Antibacterial activity of black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz) against Helicobacter pylori, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,18, 2001, 85–88.
Shahidi Bonjar GH, Antibacterial screening of plants used in Iranian folkloric medicine, Fitoterapia, 75, 2004, 231–235.
Iqbal Ahmad, Zafar Mehmood, Faiz Mohammad, Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for theirantimicrobial properties, Journal of Ethnopharmacology,62, 1998,183- 193.
Bhattacharya S, Kamat JP, Bandyopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S. Comparative inhibitory properties of some Indian medicinal plant extracts against photosensitization-induced lipid damage. Food chemistry. 2009 15;113(4):975-9.
Sawant R, Binorkar SV, Bhoyar M, Gangasagre NS. Phyto-constituents Bio-efficacy and Phyto-pharmacological activities of Terminalia chebula-A Review. Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med. 2013;1(1):1-1.
Feng-lin H, Li-ming Y, Shwu-fen C, Li-hsuan W, Chung-yi W, Pan-chun L, Shwu-jian L. Biotransformation of gallic acid by Beauvenia sulfurescens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007; 74:659-6.
Jeong AHN, Kim CY, Lee JS, Kim TG, Kim SH, Lee CK. Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by galloyl glucoses from Terminalia chebula and flovonol glycoside gallates from Euphorbia pekinensis. Plant Med. 2002;68(5):457-9.
Lee D, Boo K, Woo J, Duan F, Lee K, Kwon T. Anti-bacterial and Anti-viral activities of extracts from Terminalia chebula barks. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2011;52(2):295-8.
Badmaev V, Nowakowski M. Protection of epithelial cells against influenza A virus by plant derived biological response modifier Ledretan-96. Phytother Res. 2000;44(4):245-9.
Kurowa M, Nagasaka K, Hirabayashi T, Uyama S, Sato H, Kagiyama T. Efficacy of traditional herbal medicines in combination with acyclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. Anti-viral Res. 1995;27(1-2):19
JIN YZ, LI GH, AHN SY, ROW KH, KIM EK. Extraction and purification of depigmenting agents from Chinese plants. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities. 2006 1;22(2):162-7.
Bag A, Chattopadhyay RR. Efflux-pump inhibitory activity of a gallotannin from Terminalia chebula fruit against multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Natural product research. 2014 18;28(16):1280-3.
Wadkar HS, Pinjari RM. The morphology, extractions, chemical constituents and uses of Terminalia chebula: A review. International Journal of Forest, Animal and Fisheries Research. 2023;6(29):4772-5.
Afshari AR, Sadeghnia HR, Mollazadeh H. A review on potential mechanisms of Terminalia chebula in Alzheimer’s disease. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2016;2016(1):8964849.
Jokar A, Masoomi F, Sadeghpour O, Nassiri-Toosi M, Hamedi S. Potential therapeutic applications for Terminalia chebula in Iranian traditional medicine. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2016 1;36(2):250-4.
Chaghmini M. Little canon in medicine (Ghanoonche). Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences. 2004:81-90.
Arora S, Brits E, Kaur S, Kaur K, Sohi RS, Kumar S, Verschaeve L. Evaluation of genotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts by the comet and VITOTOX® tests. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology. 2005;24(3).
Rathore HS. A study on the cytological effects of Myrobalan (fruit of Terminalia chebula) in Allium tests. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2006;2006(1):9.
Akhtar N, Khan AB, Muhammad S, Ahmed M, Khan HM, Rasool F, Saeed T. Formulation and characterization of a cream containing terminalia chebula extract. Forschende Komplementärmedizin/Research in Complementary Medicine. 2012;19(1):20-5.
Garg S, Mishra A, Gupta R. Fingerprint profile of selected ayurvedic churnas/preparations: An overview. Altern Integr Med. 2013 28;2(06):1.
Bhramaramba R, Babu IS, Deepthi CD. Formulation and evaluation of herbal gel containing Terminalia chebula Retz., leaves extract. (2015): 172-176.
Suruse PB, Gawali MB, Kalkotwar RS, Bhabad RB, Bagdane SB, Barde LG. Design, Development and Optimization of Buccal Tablet Containing Extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. for the Treatment of Asthma. Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. Res. 2023;57(4):993-1001.
