Advances in nanomaterial-assisted remediation of heavy metal contaminants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/ejac.v18i1.1168Keywords:
Nanomaterials, Heavy Metal Remediation, Environmental Contaminants, Green Synthesis, Environmental MonitoringAbstract
Heavy metal contamination in the environment poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Traditional methods often face limitations in terms of efficiency, cost, and environmental safety. Nanomaterials, due to their unique properties such as high surface area, reactivity, and selectivity, have emerged as a promising alternative for the remediation of heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic, and chromium. This review explores the potential of nanomaterials in heavy metal remediation, highlighting types such as metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and biopolymers. The mechanisms of nanomaterial-assisted remediation, including adsorption, chemical reduction, electrochemical processes, bioremediation, and photocatalysis, are discussed. Moreover, the challenges associated with their toxicity, economic barriers, and environmental fate are examined. Future directions focus on the development of novel nanomaterials through green synthesis and hybrid approaches, integration with biological treatments, and advancements in environmental monitoring for real-time detection of contaminants. Despite the promising applications of nanomaterials in environmental remediation, careful consideration of their long-term effects and sustainability is necessary for their large-scale adoption.
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