Light-Emitting Diode Electrical and Optical Characteristics: Theory and Practice

Abstract

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are now essential parts of contemporary optoelectronic systems, especially because of their excellent energy efficiency, durability, and small size. The electrical properties of LEDs are examined in detail in this work, with particular attention paid to the devices' power efficiency, threshold voltage, modulation capabilities, and current-voltage (V-I) behavior. The effects of changing injection current, temperature, and circuit design on performance are demonstrated by experimental data and theoretical models. To demonstrate LEDs's superiority over conventional light sources like incandescent and fluorescent lights, the report also cites important comparative metrics, including luminous efficiency and onset time. A brief discussion of applications in optical communication and signal systems emphasizes how crucial it is to optimize electrical characteristics for dependable, fast operation. The findings assist in designing LED-based electronics, where precise electrical behavior controls system integration and optical output quality.